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Blood - The most Vital Body Fluid

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Blood is most vital body fluid for the lives of human beings, so blood donation can be considered as holiest of the holy acts of charity. It is one of the greatest donations one can offer in the service of humanity.

Composition of Blood: Blood consists of plasma (fluid) and suspended solid elements i.e. red blood corpuscles, white blood corpuscles and the platelets. Blood is opaque (non-transparent), alkaline and appears scarlet red when taken from arteries and purplish from veins. The difference in color is due to difference in its oxygen content. The normal total circulating blood volume is about 8 percent of the total body weight, or 4800ml in a 60kg individual (with normal health). About 55 percent of the total blood volume is liquid (plasma)

RBC: The red blood corpuscles or erythrocytes are small biconcave non-nucleated (in mammals they lose their nuclei before entering into the circulation) disc like cells, 6.8 to 8.0 in diameter. Each red blood cell has hemoglobin plus various electrolytes like Na+, K+, CI-, etc. in man they survive for an average of 120 days. The average normal red blood count is 4.5 to 5.5 million cells/ul. There is about 900 gm of hemoglobin in the circulating blood of an adult human. Hb is mostly present at the periphery of the cells and its chief function is to carry oxygen to body tissues.

WBC: White blood corpuscles are nucleated, amoeboid, colorless (due to absence of hemoglobin) cells. There are about 5000-9000 WBC s/ul of blood or per cubic mm of blood. They have been divided into different categories on the basis of staining reaction e.g. with Fleishman’s stain these are:

1. Granulocytes (12-15 u in size) including neutrophils, eosinophils & basophiles.

2. Lymphocytes (8-10 u) large round nuclei and scanty cytoplasm.

Platelets: Platelets are tiny granulated bodies 2-4 um in diameter and are non-nucleated. These serve to protect endothelial lining of blood vessels. Normal platelet count is about 25,000 to 500,000/ cubic mm of blood.

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